Communication base stations and data centers, as the core nodes of the national information infrastructure, undertake critical functions such as signal transmission, data storage and processing. Their operational stability directly affects the continuity of social production, daily life and public services. Lightning strikes, as high-frequency and sudden disasters, can cause equipment damage, communication disruptions, data loss, and even secondary disasters such as fires through direct strikes, induction, and ground potential surges, resulting in significant economic losses. This solution is based on industry standards such as GB/T 33676—2017 "Technical Specifications for Lightning Protection Devices of Communication Centers (Stations)" and GB 50174—2017 "Design Specifications for Data Centers", and combines the structural characteristics and lightning protection pain points of the two types of scenarios to construct a comprehensive lightning protection system of "external protection against direct strikes, internal protection against induction, and grounding protection against surges", taking into account practicality, economy and operability, to provide reliable guarantees for the long-term stable operation of equipment. 

I. Lightning protection measures for communication base stations. Communication base stations are often built on rooftops, in mountainous areas, and other open areas, with their equipment being highly exposed, resulting in significant lightning strike risks. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on strengthening full-link protection. External protection mainly involves lightning arrest and current diversion, with priority given to using the tower itself as the lightning arrester, combined with dedicated lightning rods. The protection range is calculated using the ball-throwing method to ensure that key parts such as antennas and the top of the machine room are fully covered, avoiding direct lightning strikes. Down conductors are selected as ≥50mm² hot-dip galvanized flat steel, with two symmetrical lines laid and arranged vertically along the sides of the tower. During the laying process, avoid sharp bends and damage to ensure smooth discharge of lightning current. At the same time, perform anti-corrosion treatment to extend the service life. The grounding system uses a combination of ring-shaped horizontal grounding electrodes and vertical grounding electrodes. Horizontal grounding electrodes are made of 60×6mm hot-dip galvanized flat steel, with a burial depth of ≥0.8m. Vertical grounding electrodes are made of Φ50mm×2.5m galvanized steel pipes, with a spacing of ≥5m. The grounding resistance is strictly controlled at ≤5Ω. For sites with high soil resistivity such as mountains, it can be relaxed to ≤10Ω. When necessary, add bentonite for resistance reduction or adopt deep well grounding methods for optimization to ensure a low-resistance and reliable grounding system. Internal protection focuses on induced lightning and potential difference control. SPD (Surge Protection Devices) are installed at different levels at the power inlet end, configured in a combination of Class I (10/350μs) + Class II (8/20μs). Special SPD are installed at the entrances of antenna feeder lines and transmission lines to ensure a VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) ≤1.2 and insertion loss ≤0.3dB, avoiding signal attenuation. All metal components, cabinets, and wiring racks in the machine room are connected in equipotential, connected to the main grounding busbar using ≥16mm² multi-strand copper wire, eliminating potential differences between different parts and preventing ground potential rebound from damaging equipment. The metal reinforcement core of optical cables needs to be reliably grounded in the distribution box, and the connecting wire is selected as ≥16mm² multi-strand copper wire. 

II. Lightning Protection Measures for Data Centers. The data center computer room houses a large number of sophisticated electronic equipment, which requires even stricter lightning protection measures. A multi-dimensional defense line must be established from the site selection, external protection, internal protection, and grounding system. The site should avoid areas with high lightning strike risks such as mountain tops, lakesides, and highlands, and be far away from high-voltage lines and strong electromagnetic interference sources. External protection adopts a combination of lightning rods and lightning protection strips for lightning arrest. The lightning protection strips are laid along the roof edge and ridge of the computer room, and the down conductors are vertically arranged, with the spacing controlled within the standard range. The building's steel structure is preferred for natural down conductors, ensuring the rapid discharge of lightning current. The connection points of the down conductors need to be ensured to have reliable electrical connections, and copper connection terminals should be installed and firmly pressed. The grounding system adopts a combined grounding mode, integrating lightning protection grounding, working grounding, and protection grounding. The grounding resistance is strictly controlled to be ≤1Ω. The computer room floor is laid with copper strips for current dispersion, with the grid size following the specifications of the data center level. The grid length in densely occupied equipment areas is set at 0.6m to 1m, and in less crowded areas, it can be relaxed to 3m. The dispersion network and grounding body are reliably connected to form a uniform potential distribution. Internal protection focuses on surge protection for power and signal lines. Power lines are protected according to the分级 protection principle， with appropriate SPD installed in low-voltage distribution cabinets， head cabinets， and equipment ends. Signal lines are equipped with dedicated SPD based on the equipment frequency and interface type to prevent surge voltage from invading the equipment. The metal shells of equipment， metal pipes， and metal conduits are connected to the dispersion network nearby. According to the frequency susceptibility of electronic information equipment， S-type， M-type， or SM mixed-type potential connection methods are selected. High-frequency equipment is preferably connected with M-type multi-point grounding， while low-frequency equipment is connected with S-type single-point grounding to ensure reliable potential connection. 

III. Common Protection and Operation Management. The lightning protection systems for communication base stations and data centers must establish regular operation and maintenance mechanisms to ensure long-term effectiveness. Regular lightning detection should be conducted, including comprehensive inspections during the acceptance of new sites. During operation, inspections should be carried out every six months. During the thunderstorm season, inspection frequencies should be increased. Key checks include rust conditions of lightning arresters, reliability of down conductors' connections, performance status of SPDs, and grounding resistance values. Damaged or aged components should be replaced promptly to ensure normal SPD indicators and compliance with grounding resistance standards. In terms of wiring standards, both should separate the power and weak current lines, with a spacing of no less than 0.5m to avoid cross-interference. Shielded cables should be used and the shielding layer should be grounded. The grounding resistance of the shielding layer should be tested once every 10m to ensure it is ≤ 0.2Ω, reducing the impact of induced lightning on the lines. A complete lightning operation and maintenance ledger should be established, detailing the installation time of lightning protection devices, detection data, maintenance records, and component replacements, to achieve full traceability throughout the process. At the same time, strengthen emergency duty during thunderstorm seasons, formulate lightning strike fault emergency plans, and promptly investigate equipment damage in case of a lightning strike event, quickly restore operation, and reduce losses. In addition, regular professional training for operation and maintenance personnel should be conducted to enhance their ability in lightning detection and emergency response, ensuring the standardized operation of the lightning protection system. 

This plan strictly follows relevant industry standards, specifically addressing the lightning protection issues of communication base stations and data centers. It simplifies the redundant construction process, takes into account both protection effectiveness and economic efficiency, and can be directly implemented. Through comprehensive and multi-level lightning protection measures, it effectively intercepts direct lightning strikes, suppresses induced lightning, and eliminates the risk of ground potential surges, significantly reducing the risks of equipment failures and operational disruptions caused by lightning strikes. It truly ensures the safe and stable operation of these two major information infrastructure, providing reliable support for various information services.